Journal of Social & Organizational Matters

China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: A Case Study of Internal Security Challenge Faced by Pakistan

2025-01-10T04:39:17+00:00

The security issues that the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is now experiencing are examined in this essay. As part of the One Belt One Road (OBOR) application, the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) seeks to attach the ports of Kashgar in China with Gwadar in Pakistan. With an anticipated of entirety date of 2030 and an expenditure of $46 billion, CPEC is anticipated to cope with some of issues impacting regional protection and to combat exclusive organizations that take gain of inner and external ethnic tensions between the 2 nations. But most effective if each governments successfully cope with the associated security problems will the hall be capable of evolve. One of the maximum essential strategic and business partnerships in South Asia is the relationship between China and Pakistan. Both countries emphasize their centuries-long, trusting, and sincere historical exchanges. With a predicted $sixty two billion, the Chinese investment in CPEC is the biggest economic dedication ever made among these two friendly nations. The success of the corridor is jeopardized by the various inner and foreign protection dangers that each international locations face regardless of this strong collaboration. In addition to wider geopolitical conflicts involving the USA, UK, and Israel, Pakistan confronts protection concerns from nearby rivals like Afghanistan and India. By helping nationalist actions like the Baloch, Lashkar-e-Jhangvi, and Sipah-e-Muhammad, as well as terrorist businesses just like the Taliban and ISIS, those nations exacerbate internal warfare in Pakistan. In light of the CPEC, this paper examines the complex threats to Pakistan's inner safety.

The Role of National Power in Achieving a Balancing Foreign Policy

2025-01-17T14:47:02+00:00

There has always been the influence of national power in the determination of foreign policy. Thus, when states are in the process of interacting with each other, the sufficient quantity and quality of national power is relevant to achieve of a balanced foreign policy. This article shows to dissect how the components of national power interact in countervailing foreign policy architectures, with an emphatic focus on great power and middle powers. Underpinning this study is the Realist Theory of International Relations which comprises of the Classical and Structural realism and uses the ‘‘Balance of Threat’’ theory to explain how states wield their power resources against perceived threats. The study is predominantly exploratory and employs a case of United States to understand how national power can be utilized in furthering foreign policy interests.

Transgender Inclusion in Pakistan: Analyzing Legal Framework and Societal Attitudes

2025-01-18T03:46:12+00:00

This article examines the social inclusion of transgender individuals in Pakistan, highlighting both local and global implications of their struggles. Still, the gulf between legal progress — such as 2018's Transgender Protection Act and its newly revised form in a bill recently introduced to Congress for consideration in 2021 — remains wide with respect to actual rights of transgender people being realized. This paper examines international human rights treaties and regional agreements, which call for greater recognition of gender identity or expression. It focuses on the transgender community in Pakistan to understand social exclusion, access to healthcare and employment discrimination through case studies. One reason lies in cultural barriers, and it is the stigmatization of leprosy because society disapproves of discrimination on grounds that have yet to be defined; for example, religions force this kind of behavior. This article aims to give insight into the struggles transgender people face in Pakistan and stresses the need for targeted relevant changes as well as public awareness that respects their dignity and protects their rights. In a nutshell, this research hopes to contribute to ongoing talks about including and keeping those on the margins safe in a push for freedom by striving for fairer communities that value everyone's rights regardless of how they see themselves.

Geopolitical Paradigms of CPEC: An Overview

2025-01-18T04:24:39+00:00

The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), a flagship initiative under China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), is a transformative project aimed at enhancing regional connectivity, fostering economic growth, and strengthening geopolitical alliances. Launched in 2013, CPEC spans $62 billion in investments, encompassing sectors such as transport, energy, and industrial development. The project includes critical infrastructure like the Gwadar Port, highways, railways, and energy facilities, aimed at addressing Pakistan’s energy deficits and enhancing industrial productivity. Strategically, CPEC serves as a counterbalance to regional power dynamics, providing China with a secure route to the Arabian Sea and fostering Pakistan's economic and geopolitical stature. Despite its potential, the project faces significant challenges, including regional security issues, political instability, and environmental concerns. External resistance, particularly from India, adds a layer of complexity. This article examines CPEC's historical context, key components, and geopolitical implications while addressing the inherent risks and challenges. Through its multifaceted initiatives, CPEC aims to revolutionize Pakistan’s economic landscape, though its success depends on addressing these obstacles and ensuring sustainable, inclusive development.

Islamic and Muslim Civilization in the Context of Pakistan: A Philosophical Review

2025-01-25T08:33:05+00:00

Pakistan is a country that is belonging to Islamic and Muslim civilization as the major part of the population is Muslims. Islam and Muslims’ contribution to the history of Pakistan and the area is cultural, social and political setting. Thus, the presence of Islamic and Muslim civilization in Pakistan may be traced from the time of Indus Valley Civilization and till the diffusion of Islam in the Indian Subcontinent. It is noteworthy that Pakistan as a nation emerged out of the partition from British India in 1947 and shares a special religious connection with Islam. Pakistan has a profound Islamic connection, which constitute a useful model for analyzing the relationship between religion and civilization in the country’s evolution. According to the framework of ideas drawn for the given paper, the historical analysis of the Islamic civilization development in the region will be presented. The Researcher dares to look at how Islam shaped identity of Pakistan and explores the current issues and prospects at that very same time. The paper explores the sphere of the Islamic and Muslim culture in different aspects as the part of Pakistani civilization. From the paper, the viewer can get acquainted with the history of its formation and religious prescriptions. The paper also enlightens the readers about architectural accomplishments, importance of Islamic history as a source of inspiration of different domains of Pakistani society such as education, male and female role in society, sports facilities, and tourism in the modern era. Researcher studies, analyses and explains variety and dynamism of Islamic and Muslim civilization in Pakistan. This paper starts by identifying the main theme and purpose of the paper which is to attempt at establishing how Islamic and Muslim civilizations can be understood within the Pakistani context.

An Analysis of Effectiveness of Initial Professional Development Program In Enhancing Pedagogical Skills of Newly Recruited Junior Elementary School Teachers of Sindh: A Qualitative Investigation

2025-01-25T08:27:52+00:00

Initial Professional Development (IPD) programs is a fundamental strategy to enhance the effectiveness on the pedagogical skills of teachers to foster the quality education among newly recruited Junior elementary school teachers (JESTs) in Sindh. After its implementation, there is very little information about the program’s effectiveness in addressing the field specific challenges and improving pedagogical skills. The study aims to investigate the challenges faced by newly recruited Junior Elementary School teachers. The research design is qualitative phenomenological approach. the research has collected the data through semi-structured interviews. Consist of open-ended questions is used in interview. The sample size is 10 Teachers from all over Sindh. The findings are that the initial professional development program has visible impact on their professional knowledge and pedagogical skills and support the teachers to face the challenges and create opportunities in theirs schools. The results of this research indicates that the IPD program is effective for the development of pedagogical skills. Furthermore, the results indicated the challenges of resource constraints, time constraints, infrastructural and overcrowded classrooms faced by the newly recruited JESTs to effective implementation of pedagogical strategies. The research study addresses the gap in the literature to improve the alignment between teacher’s professional development of effective teaching-learning practices and fostering skills of teachers for Sindh’s Education system of Elementary School. The research recommends that proper follow-up after the IPD program should be taken. Furthermore, the policy makers and department should allocate the resources and support the teachers at their school-setting ensuring the implementation of pedagogical strategies of IPD program in Sindh.

Doctrine of Fitness to Stand Trial in International Criminal Law

2025-01-31T12:35:34+00:00

This study analyzes the doctrine of fitness to stand trial in international criminal law. The doctrinal legal analysis method was used to study fitness to stand trial doctrine in international criminal law. The principle of competency to stand trial is recognized in international criminal law. A person who is incompetent to stand trial cannot be prosecuted in the International Criminal Court for his crime(s). A mental health evaluation of the accused is mandatory to determine his competence to stand trial. An accused must prove on the balance of probabilities standard of evidence that he is incompetent to stand trial. Presenting expert witnesses is common in determining the pleas of unfitness to stand trial in the International Criminal Court and tribunals. The capacity building of relevant stakeholders, i.e., psychiatrists, psychologists, lawyers, judicial officers, and researchers, is recommended.