Journal of Social & Organizational Matters

China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: A Case Study of Internal Security Challenge Faced by Pakistan

Sadia Nawab — 2025-01-11

The security issues that the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is now experiencing are examined in this essay. As part of the One Belt One Road (OBOR) application, the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) seeks to attach the ports of Kashgar in China with Gwadar in Pakistan. With an anticipated of entirety date of 2030 and an expenditure of $46 billion, CPEC is anticipated to cope with some of issues impacting regional protection and to combat exclusive organizations that take gain of inner and external ethnic tensions between the 2 nations. But most effective if each governments successfully cope with the associated security problems will the hall be capable of evolve. One of the maximum essential strategic and business partnerships in South Asia is the relationship between China and Pakistan. Both countries emphasize their centuries-long, trusting, and sincere historical exchanges. With a predicted $sixty two billion, the Chinese investment in CPEC is the biggest economic dedication ever made among these two friendly nations. The success of the corridor is jeopardized by the various inner and foreign protection dangers that each international locations face regardless of this strong collaboration. In addition to wider geopolitical conflicts involving the USA, UK, and Israel, Pakistan confronts protection concerns from nearby rivals like Afghanistan and India. By helping nationalist actions like the Baloch, Lashkar-e-Jhangvi, and Sipah-e-Muhammad, as well as terrorist businesses just like the Taliban and ISIS, those nations exacerbate internal warfare in Pakistan. In light of the CPEC, this paper examines the complex threats to Pakistan's inner safety.

The Role of National Power in Achieving a Balancing Foreign Policy

Muhammad Saeed — 2025-01-17

There has always been the influence of national power in the determination of foreign policy. Thus, when states are in the process of interacting with each other, the sufficient quantity and quality of national power is relevant to achieve of a balanced foreign policy. This article shows to dissect how the components of national power interact in countervailing foreign policy architectures, with an emphatic focus on great power and middle powers. Underpinning this study is the Realist Theory of International Relations which comprises of the Classical and Structural realism and uses the ‘‘Balance of Threat’’ theory to explain how states wield their power resources against perceived threats. The study is predominantly exploratory and employs a case of United States to understand how national power can be utilized in furthering foreign policy interests.

Transgender Inclusion in Pakistan: Analyzing Legal Framework and Societal Attitudes

Ahmad Ali — 2025-01-18

This article examines the social inclusion of transgender individuals in Pakistan, highlighting both local and global implications of their struggles. Still, the gulf between legal progress — such as 2018's Transgender Protection Act and its newly revised form in a bill recently introduced to Congress for consideration in 2021 — remains wide with respect to actual rights of transgender people being realized. This paper examines international human rights treaties and regional agreements, which call for greater recognition of gender identity or expression. It focuses on the transgender community in Pakistan to understand social exclusion, access to healthcare and employment discrimination through case studies. One reason lies in cultural barriers, and it is the stigmatization of leprosy because society disapproves of discrimination on grounds that have yet to be defined; for example, religions force this kind of behavior. This article aims to give insight into the struggles transgender people face in Pakistan and stresses the need for targeted relevant changes as well as public awareness that respects their dignity and protects their rights. In a nutshell, this research hopes to contribute to ongoing talks about including and keeping those on the margins safe in a push for freedom by striving for fairer communities that value everyone's rights regardless of how they see themselves.

Geopolitical Paradigms of CPEC: An Overview

Muhammad Rehan Akram — 2025-01-18

The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), a flagship initiative under China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), is a transformative project aimed at enhancing regional connectivity, fostering economic growth, and strengthening geopolitical alliances. Launched in 2013, CPEC spans $62 billion in investments, encompassing sectors such as transport, energy, and industrial development. The project includes critical infrastructure like the Gwadar Port, highways, railways, and energy facilities, aimed at addressing Pakistan’s energy deficits and enhancing industrial productivity. Strategically, CPEC serves as a counterbalance to regional power dynamics, providing China with a secure route to the Arabian Sea and fostering Pakistan's economic and geopolitical stature. Despite its potential, the project faces significant challenges, including regional security issues, political instability, and environmental concerns. External resistance, particularly from India, adds a layer of complexity. This article examines CPEC's historical context, key components, and geopolitical implications while addressing the inherent risks and challenges. Through its multifaceted initiatives, CPEC aims to revolutionize Pakistan’s economic landscape, though its success depends on addressing these obstacles and ensuring sustainable, inclusive development.