The Architectural Legacy of the Abbasid Empire: A Study of Islamic Architecture in Iraq (8th-13th Centuries)

Abstract

This research examines the evolution of Islamic architecture in Iraq from the 8^th to 13^th centuries, focusing on the monumental developments during the Abbasids’ Empire. It analyses key cities' architectural and urban planning characteristics such as Baghdad, Samarra, and Raqqa. The study highlights significant architectural themes, including the innovative use of brick, vaulting techniques, and arch styles influenced by earlier Eastern Christian architecture. The study also addresses the aesthetic implications of decorative geometric ornamentation and the emergence of distinct arabesque motifs in Islamic art. Furthermore, it investigates the factors contributing to the Abbasids’ expansion, their cities' circular planning, and the Persian influences that shaped these developments. The paper concludes by reflecting on the grandeur of Baghdad and its architectural legacy, underscoring its historical importance as a centre of culture, knowledge, and urban sophistication.